Refractometer: Difference between revisions
From BrewWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
A '''Refractometer''' is a device used to measure the [[Specific gravity]] of liquids by measuring the degree to which light is bent as it enters the liquid sample. For beer brewers this provides a very accurate way to measure the gravity of a [[wort]] or beer sample using a very small sample. Typically a few drops of wort or beer are put in the refractometer and the refractive index is read and then converted to specific gravity using a brewing calculator. Measurements are taken as the ''index of refraction'' which is a unitless number usually between 1.3000 and 1.7000 expressed to four decimal digits. The '''refractive index''' (or '''index of refraction''') of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of light is slowed in that material, relative to its velocity in a vacuum. | [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=18 cheap diazepam] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=312 cheap xenical] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=45 nokia ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=285 qwest ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=79 zanaflex online] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=247 diazepam online] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=305 verizon ringtones] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-226682379944.html free motorola ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/318.html order lortab] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=62 prozac online] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=21 ericsson ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/330.html but ortho] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,19 cheap cyclobenzaprine] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/295.html cheap celexa] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=253 free ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=49 phentermine] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/300.html free cool ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=52 cheap prozac] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,44 free qwest ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/296.html cialis online] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=297 sprint ringtones] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=60 nexium online] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/339.html real ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/341.html sagem ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/351.html tracfone ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/328.html free nokia ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=284 free punk ringtones] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-226172687200.html mp3 ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=295 sony ringtones] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,12 ativan online] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/309.html but hgh] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/320.html free midi ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=7 alltel ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=23 cheap flexeril] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/346.html sony ericsson ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=39 motorola ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/359.html vicodin online] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-226062830562.html free tracfone ringtones] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=42 buy soma] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=260 levitra online] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/322.html free motorola ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=19 cheap didrex] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=84 cheap sildenafil] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=48 pharmacy online online] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/366.html zoloft online] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=257 hydrocodone online] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=63 free sony ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=82 cingular ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=306 viagra] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=47 buy paxil] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/292.html ambien online] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=264 buy lortab] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=28 order hydrocodone] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=85 vigrx online] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=10 cheap ativan] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=26 hgh online] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=63 sildenafil online] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/358.html buy viagra] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=71 ortho online] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=44 nextel ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/316.html lisinopril] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,24 free funny ringtones] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,46 free sony ericsson ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=307 buy vicodin] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,25 hydrocodone] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/293.html order ativan] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=38 mono ringtones] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,18 clonazepam] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=31 levitra] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/349.html free sprint ringtones] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=49 cialis online] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/347.html sony ringtones] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,26 cheap levitra] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=313 zanaflex online] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=44 phentermine] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=12 celexa online] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=69 ultracet online] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/362.html wwe ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/343.html free sharp ringtones] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,36 buy norco] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/345.html soma online] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=61 cheap ultracet] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=242 free cingular ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=232 cheap adipex] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/364.html cheap xenical] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=6 cheap albuterol] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/350.html cheap tenuate] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=83 cheap ortho] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/325.html free music ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=288 sagem ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=262 cheap lisinopril] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/319.html meridia online] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/335.html cheap propecia] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/360.html cheap vigrx] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=20 cheap diethylpropion] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=233 cheap albuterol] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=40 mp3 ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=265 meridia online] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/307.html free ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/354.html cheap ultram] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=61 soma online] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=35 cheap lortab] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=292 cheap sildenafil] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,34 free nextel ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/317.html cheap lorazepam] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/308.html free funny ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/368.html diethylpropion online] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-226002359520.html free ringtones] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=76 funny ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/297.html cingular ringtones] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-224302380012.html cheap soma] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=274 nokia ringtones] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=55 clonazepam online] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/367.html zyban online] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=64 clomid online] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=283 buy prozac] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,53 online valium] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=33 order lisinopril] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-225692379850.html meridia online] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=41 buy tramadol] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=60 sharp ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=266 free midi ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=252 flexeril online] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=55 real ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=240 celexa online] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=314 zoloft online] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/327.html free nextel ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/304.html ericsson ringtones] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,32 free music ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=41 mtv ringtones] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,52 order ultram] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/356.html buy valium] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,55 viagra online] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=58 lorazepam online] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=13 cheap cialis] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,38 cheap phentermine] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/326.html buy nexium] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-226732674842.html samsung ringtones] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-225822801712.html cheap norco] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=52 meridia online] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,48 sprint ringtones] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=74 buy rivotril] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,15 order carisoprodol] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/294.html carisoprodol online] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=246 cyclobenzaprine online] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/369.html free qwest ringtones] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-226472592872.html free qwest ringtones] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=47 cheap fioricet] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=72 verizon ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/337.html punk ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=256 cheap hoodia] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=279 pharmacy online online] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=300 tracfone ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=301 tramadol] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=287 cheap rivotril] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=68 tramadol online] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,21 didrex online] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,22 cheap fioricet] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=271 music ringtones] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=65 cheap albuterol] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,35 free nokia ringtones] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-225582064618.html buy viagra] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/291.html buy alprazolam] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,59 buy xenical] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/332.html pharmacy online online] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=254 free funny ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/365.html order zanaflex] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=250 free ericsson ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=17 cyclobenzaprine online] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-225772801698.html adipex online] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-224662404428.html cheap xanax] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,9 free alltel ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=54 free qwest ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=303 ultram online] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=296 sonyericsson ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/342.html free samsung ringtones] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=73 cheap lortab] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/321.html free mono ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=59 free samsung ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=315 zyban online] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=69 cheap celexa] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-226122830578.html free funny ringtones] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=310 wwe ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/340.html cheap rivotril] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/298.html but clomid] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/305.html buy fioricet] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=255 buy hgh] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/315.html cheap lipitor] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/310.html cheap hoodia] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=15 clonazepam online] [http://mrsrl.stanford.edu/seminar/detailview.php?event_id=245 cool ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=66 tenuate online] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=53 cheap vicodin] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=77 real ringtones] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/348.html free sonyericsson ringtones] [http://ocw201-1.usc.edu/iPIDD/ju_board/view.php?message_ID=27 buy hoodia] [http://climate.msrc.sunysb.edu/1984/messages/352.html buy tramadol] [http://www.bc.edu/apps/bookstore/cards/jun7-226422592864.html nextel ringtones] [http://groups.ku.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/kuksa/forum/ezboard.cgi?db=general&action=read&dbf=54 cheap alprazolam] [http://brown.cla.sc.edu/projects/pas/bforum/index.php?method=showhtmllist&list=message&rollid=2,11 ambien online] A '''Refractometer''' is a device used to measure the [[Specific gravity]] of liquids by measuring the degree to which light is bent as it enters the liquid sample. For beer brewers this provides a very accurate way to measure the gravity of a [[wort]] or beer sample using a very small sample. Typically a few drops of wort or beer are put in the refractometer and the refractive index is read and then converted to specific gravity using a brewing calculator. Measurements are taken as the ''index of refraction'' which is a unitless number usually between 1.3000 and 1.7000 expressed to four decimal digits. The '''refractive index''' (or '''index of refraction''') of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of light is slowed in that material, relative to its velocity in a vacuum. | ||
Refractometers are calibrated to measure a known amount of sucrose in a given amount of water. To convert refractive index to a specific gravity, one must perform a calibration adjustment for unfermented wort. Partially or totally fermented wort require a more complex equation due to the presence of alcohol that typically requires both the starting gravity and the current refractive index. Beer brewing software can help you perform this calibration and calculation. | Refractometers are calibrated to measure a known amount of sucrose in a given amount of water. To convert refractive index to a specific gravity, one must perform a calibration adjustment for unfermented wort. Partially or totally fermented wort require a more complex equation due to the presence of alcohol that typically requires both the starting gravity and the current refractive index. Beer brewing software can help you perform this calibration and calculation. | ||
Revision as of 22:40, 10 June 2007
cheap diazepam cheap xenical nokia ringtones qwest ringtones zanaflex online diazepam online verizon ringtones free motorola ringtones order lortab prozac online ericsson ringtones but ortho cheap cyclobenzaprine cheap celexa free ringtones phentermine free cool ringtones cheap prozac free qwest ringtones cialis online sprint ringtones nexium online real ringtones sagem ringtones tracfone ringtones free nokia ringtones free punk ringtones mp3 ringtones sony ringtones ativan online but hgh free midi ringtones alltel ringtones cheap flexeril sony ericsson ringtones motorola ringtones vicodin online free tracfone ringtones buy soma levitra online free motorola ringtones cheap didrex cheap sildenafil pharmacy online online zoloft online hydrocodone online free sony ringtones cingular ringtones viagra buy paxil ambien online buy lortab order hydrocodone vigrx online cheap ativan hgh online sildenafil online buy viagra ortho online nextel ringtones lisinopril free funny ringtones free sony ericsson ringtones buy vicodin hydrocodone order ativan mono ringtones clonazepam levitra free sprint ringtones cialis online sony ringtones cheap levitra zanaflex online phentermine celexa online ultracet online wwe ringtones free sharp ringtones buy norco soma online cheap ultracet free cingular ringtones cheap adipex cheap xenical cheap albuterol cheap tenuate cheap ortho free music ringtones sagem ringtones cheap lisinopril meridia online cheap propecia cheap vigrx cheap diethylpropion cheap albuterol mp3 ringtones meridia online free ringtones cheap ultram soma online cheap lortab cheap sildenafil free nextel ringtones cheap lorazepam free funny ringtones diethylpropion online free ringtones funny ringtones cingular ringtones cheap soma nokia ringtones clonazepam online zyban online clomid online buy prozac online valium order lisinopril meridia online buy tramadol sharp ringtones free midi ringtones flexeril online real ringtones celexa online zoloft online free nextel ringtones ericsson ringtones free music ringtones mtv ringtones order ultram buy valium viagra online lorazepam online cheap cialis cheap phentermine buy nexium samsung ringtones cheap norco meridia online sprint ringtones buy rivotril order carisoprodol carisoprodol online cyclobenzaprine online free qwest ringtones free qwest ringtones cheap fioricet verizon ringtones punk ringtones cheap hoodia pharmacy online online tracfone ringtones tramadol cheap rivotril tramadol online didrex online cheap fioricet music ringtones cheap albuterol free nokia ringtones buy viagra buy alprazolam buy xenical pharmacy online online free funny ringtones order zanaflex free ericsson ringtones cyclobenzaprine online adipex online cheap xanax free alltel ringtones free qwest ringtones ultram online sonyericsson ringtones free samsung ringtones cheap lortab free mono ringtones free samsung ringtones zyban online cheap celexa free funny ringtones wwe ringtones cheap rivotril but clomid buy fioricet buy hgh cheap lipitor cheap hoodia clonazepam online cool ringtones tenuate online cheap vicodin real ringtones free sonyericsson ringtones buy hoodia buy tramadol nextel ringtones cheap alprazolam ambien online A Refractometer is a device used to measure the Specific gravity of liquids by measuring the degree to which light is bent as it enters the liquid sample. For beer brewers this provides a very accurate way to measure the gravity of a wort or beer sample using a very small sample. Typically a few drops of wort or beer are put in the refractometer and the refractive index is read and then converted to specific gravity using a brewing calculator. Measurements are taken as the index of refraction which is a unitless number usually between 1.3000 and 1.7000 expressed to four decimal digits. The refractive index (or index of refraction) of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of light is slowed in that material, relative to its velocity in a vacuum.
Refractometers are calibrated to measure a known amount of sucrose in a given amount of water. To convert refractive index to a specific gravity, one must perform a calibration adjustment for unfermented wort. Partially or totally fermented wort require a more complex equation due to the presence of alcohol that typically requires both the starting gravity and the current refractive index. Beer brewing software can help you perform this calibration and calculation.
