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'''Fermentation''' is a natural process where [[yeast]] converts sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide (CO2). In the [[Processes|brewing process]], fermentation converts the sugars produced in the earlier [[mashing]] step into alcohol. Since CO2 is a byproduct of fermentation, it is also used for the natural carbonation of many homebrewed beers. After fermentation, beer is bottled or kegged for consumption. The study of the chemistry of fermentation is called [[Zymurgy]]. Human controlled fermentation dates back to the dawn of civilization - evidence dating back to 5400 B.C. has been found of people creating wine.