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	<id>https://brewwiki.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Mike</id>
	<title>BrewWiki - User contributions [en]</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://brewwiki.com/api.php?action=feedcontributions&amp;feedformat=atom&amp;user=Mike"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php/Special:Contributions/Mike"/>
	<updated>2026-06-13T16:04:19Z</updated>
	<subtitle>User contributions</subtitle>
	<generator>MediaWiki 1.41.1</generator>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Mike&amp;diff=2962</id>
		<title>User:Mike</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Mike&amp;diff=2962"/>
		<updated>2006-12-04T04:10:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Mike==&lt;br /&gt;
Mike is a homebrewer in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:People]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Recipes&amp;diff=2961</id>
		<title>Recipes</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Recipes&amp;diff=2961"/>
		<updated>2006-12-04T04:07:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: /* All Grain Recipes */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{{Portal|name=Beer Recipes}}&lt;br /&gt;
This article is intended as a repository listing homebrew beer recipes.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Contributing a Recipe===&lt;br /&gt;
If you wish to contribute a recipe, please create a new page and title it with the recipe name.  See the [[Amazing Wit|sample Wit recipe]] for an example of what should be included.  Once your recipe page is complete, edit this page and add it to the listing of recipes below. Visit the [[BrewWiki:Community_Portal]] for more information on how to create and format a new page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Extract Recipes==&lt;br /&gt;
* (Add your recipe here!)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==All Grain Recipes==&lt;br /&gt;
Listed alphabetically by name.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[An American Ale]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Anchor Steam Clone]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Amazing Wit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Brawny Burton Ale]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Doc&#039;s Irish Stout]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[KMS Dark Mild]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Prost Weizen]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Robust Porter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
Listed alphabetically.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beersmith.com/recipes.htm BeerSmith Recipe Archive]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/brewing/brewing.html Brewing Medieval Ales and Meads]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beerdujour.com/AwardWinningRecipes.htm Fred&#039;s Award Winning Recipes (Beer du Jour)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Recipes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Recipes&amp;diff=2960</id>
		<title>Recipes</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Recipes&amp;diff=2960"/>
		<updated>2006-12-04T04:07:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: /* All Grain Recipes */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{{Portal|name=Beer Recipes}}&lt;br /&gt;
This article is intended as a repository listing homebrew beer recipes.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Contributing a Recipe===&lt;br /&gt;
If you wish to contribute a recipe, please create a new page and title it with the recipe name.  See the [[Amazing Wit|sample Wit recipe]] for an example of what should be included.  Once your recipe page is complete, edit this page and add it to the listing of recipes below. Visit the [[BrewWiki:Community_Portal]] for more information on how to create and format a new page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Extract Recipes==&lt;br /&gt;
* (Add your recipe here!)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==All Grain Recipes==&lt;br /&gt;
Listed alphabetically by name.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[An American Ale]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Anchor Steam Clone]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Amazing Wit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Brawny Burton Ale]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Doc&#039;s Irish Stout]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[KMS Dark Mild]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Prost Weizen]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Robust Porter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
Listed alphabetically.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beersmith.com/recipes.htm BeerSmith Recipe Archive]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/brewing/brewing.html Brewing Medieval Ales and Meads]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beerdujour.com/AwardWinningRecipes.htm Fred&#039;s Award Winning Recipes (Beer du Jour)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Recipes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Anchor_Steam_Clone&amp;diff=2959</id>
		<title>Anchor Steam Clone</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Anchor_Steam_Clone&amp;diff=2959"/>
		<updated>2006-12-04T04:06:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
An American classic. Anchor Steam uses a lager yeast fermented at ale temperatures, giving the beer a hoppy flavor and clean finish. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Recipe Specification==&lt;br /&gt;
*Brewer: [[User:Mike|Mike]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Style: California common beer&lt;br /&gt;
*Type: All Grain&lt;br /&gt;
*Batch Size: 5.0 gal/19.0 litres      &lt;br /&gt;
*Boil Size: 6.0 gal/22.7 litres&lt;br /&gt;
*Estimated OG: 1.051 SG&lt;br /&gt;
*Estimated Color: 12 SRM&lt;br /&gt;
*Estimated IBU: 33 IBU&lt;br /&gt;
*Brewhouse Efficiency: 75.0 %&lt;br /&gt;
*Boil Time: 60 Minutes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ingredients==&lt;br /&gt;
*9.66  lbs       Pale Malt (2 row)&lt;br /&gt;
*1.0 lbs       Crystal malt (60L)&lt;br /&gt;
*0.8 oz        Northern Brewer hops [9.0%](60 min)&lt;br /&gt;
*0.4 oz        Northern Brewer hops [9.0%](15 min)&lt;br /&gt;
*1 Pkgs        California lager yeast (Wyeast Labs #2112) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mash Schedule==&lt;br /&gt;
* Mash Schedule: Single Infusion, Medium Body, No Mash Out, Total Grain Weight: 10.66 lb&lt;br /&gt;
* Mash In     Add 11.25 qt of water at 169.6 F   Step to 154.0 F for 60 min        &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notes==&lt;br /&gt;
Simple single infusion mash. One week in primary, two weeks in secondary. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.anchorbrewing.com/ Anchor Brewing Company] - Maker of Anchor Steam Beer&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Recipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Recipes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Anchor_Steam_Clone&amp;diff=2958</id>
		<title>Anchor Steam Clone</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Anchor_Steam_Clone&amp;diff=2958"/>
		<updated>2006-12-04T04:04:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
An American classic. Anchor Steam uses a lager yeast fermented at ale temperatures, giving the beer a hoppy flavor and clean finish. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Recipe Specification==&lt;br /&gt;
*Brewer: [[User:Mike|Mike]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Style: California common beer&lt;br /&gt;
*Type: All Grain&lt;br /&gt;
*Batch Size: 5.0 gal/19.0 litres      &lt;br /&gt;
*Boil Size: 6.0 gal/22.7 litres&lt;br /&gt;
*Estimated OG: 1.051 SG&lt;br /&gt;
*Estimated Color: 12 SRM&lt;br /&gt;
*Estimated IBU: 33 IBU&lt;br /&gt;
*Brewhouse Efficiency: 75.0 %&lt;br /&gt;
*Boil Time: 60 Minutes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ingredients==&lt;br /&gt;
*9.66  lbs       Pale Malt (2 row)&lt;br /&gt;
*1.0 lbs       Crystal malt (60L)&lt;br /&gt;
*0.8 oz        Northern Brewer hops [9.0%](60 min)&lt;br /&gt;
*0.4 oz        Northern Brewer hops [9.0%](15 min)&lt;br /&gt;
*1 Pkgs        California lager yeast (Wyeast Labs #2112) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mash Schedule==&lt;br /&gt;
* Mash Schedule: Single Infusion, Medium Body, No Mash Out, Total Grain Weight: 10.66 lb&lt;br /&gt;
* Mash In     Add 11.25 qt of water at 169.6 F   Step to 154.0 F for 60 min        &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notes==&lt;br /&gt;
Simple single infusion mash. One week in primary, two weeks in secondary. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Recipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Recipes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Anchor_Steam_Clone&amp;diff=2957</id>
		<title>Anchor Steam Clone</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Anchor_Steam_Clone&amp;diff=2957"/>
		<updated>2006-12-04T03:49:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
An American classic. Anchor Steam uses a lager yeast fermented at ale temperatures. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Recipe Specification==&lt;br /&gt;
*Brewer: [[User:Mike|Mike]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Style: California steam beer&lt;br /&gt;
*Type: All Grain&lt;br /&gt;
*Batch Size: 5.0 gal/19.0 litres      &lt;br /&gt;
*Boil Size: 6.0 gal/22.7 litres&lt;br /&gt;
*Estimated OG: 1.051 SG&lt;br /&gt;
*Estimated Color: 12 SRM&lt;br /&gt;
*Estimated IBU: 33 IBU&lt;br /&gt;
*Brewhouse Efficiency: 75.0 %&lt;br /&gt;
*Boil Time: 60 Minutes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ingredients==&lt;br /&gt;
*9.66  lbs       Pale Malt (2 row)&lt;br /&gt;
*1.0 lbs       Crystal malt (60L)&lt;br /&gt;
*0.8 oz        Northern Brewer hops [9.0%](60 min)&lt;br /&gt;
*0.4 oz        Northern Brewer hops [9.0%](15 min)&lt;br /&gt;
*1 Pkgs        California lager yeast (Wyeast Labs #2112) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mash Schedule==&lt;br /&gt;
* Mash Schedule: Single Infusion, Medium Body, No Mash Out, Total Grain Weight: 10.66 lb&lt;br /&gt;
* Mash In     Add 11.25 qt of water at 169.6 F   Step to 154.0 F for 60 min        &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notes==&lt;br /&gt;
Simple single infusion mash. One week in primary, two weeks in secondary. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Recipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Recipes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Recipes&amp;diff=2956</id>
		<title>Recipes</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Recipes&amp;diff=2956"/>
		<updated>2006-12-03T17:40:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: /* All Grain Recipes */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{{Portal|name=Beer Recipes}}&lt;br /&gt;
This article is intended as a repository listing homebrew beer recipes.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Contributing a Recipe===&lt;br /&gt;
If you wish to contribute a recipe, please create a new page and title it with the recipe name.  See the [[Amazing Wit|sample Wit recipe]] for an example of what should be included.  Once your recipe page is complete, edit this page and add it to the listing of recipes below. Visit the [[BrewWiki:Community_Portal]] for more information on how to create and format a new page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Extract Recipes==&lt;br /&gt;
* (Add your recipe here!)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==All Grain Recipes==&lt;br /&gt;
Listed alphabetically by name.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[An American Ale]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Amazing Wit]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Brawny Burton Ale]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Doc&#039;s Irish Stout]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[KMS Dark Mild]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Prost Weizen]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Robust Porter]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
Listed alphabetically.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beersmith.com/recipes.htm BeerSmith Recipe Archive]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.celtnet.org.uk/recipes/brewing/brewing.html Brewing Medieval Ales and Meads]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beerdujour.com/AwardWinningRecipes.htm Fred&#039;s Award Winning Recipes (Beer du Jour)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Recipes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=KMS_Dark_Mild&amp;diff=2955</id>
		<title>KMS Dark Mild</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=KMS_Dark_Mild&amp;diff=2955"/>
		<updated>2006-12-03T17:39:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
An authentic British mild ale.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Recipe Specification==&lt;br /&gt;
*Brewer: [[User:Mike|Mike]]&lt;br /&gt;
*Style: British mild ale&lt;br /&gt;
*Type: All Grain&lt;br /&gt;
*Batch Size: 6.0 gal/22.7 litres      &lt;br /&gt;
*Boil Size: 7.0 gal/26.5 litres&lt;br /&gt;
*Estimated OG: 1.038 SG&lt;br /&gt;
*Estimated Color: 25.4 SRM&lt;br /&gt;
*Estimated IBU: 23.1 IBU&lt;br /&gt;
*Brewhouse Efficiency: 75.0 %&lt;br /&gt;
*Boil Time: 90 Minutes&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Ingredients==&lt;br /&gt;
*6.6  lbs       Pale Malt (2 row)                   Grain       &lt;br /&gt;
*1.75 lbs       Crystal 55L                         Grain        &lt;br /&gt;
*0.55 lbs       Chocolate malt                      Grain       &lt;br /&gt;
*1.20 oz        East Kent Goldings [4.75%](60 min)  Hops&lt;br /&gt;
*0.60 oz        East Kent Goldings [4.75%](0 min)   Hops&lt;br /&gt;
*1 tsp          Irish moss (15 min)   &lt;br /&gt;
*1 Pkgs         Ringwood ale yeast (Wyeast Labs #1187) &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Mash Schedule==&lt;br /&gt;
* Mash Schedule: Single Infusion, Medium Body, No Mash Out, Total Grain Weight: 8.91 lb&lt;br /&gt;
* Mash In     Add 11.25 qt of water at 169.6 F   Step to 154.0 F for 60 min        &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Notes==&lt;br /&gt;
Simple single infusion mash. One week in primary, no secondary required. Best consumed fresh. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Recipes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Recipes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Malt&amp;diff=2954</id>
		<title>Malt</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Malt&amp;diff=2954"/>
		<updated>2006-12-03T05:25:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
A main ingredient in most beers is malted barley, though the [[Malting Process|malting process]] can be applied to many other cereal grains.  Malting is a process in which grains are allowed to germinate and then quickly dried in a kiln before the plant has a chance to fully develop.  The malting process develops &#039;&#039;enzymes&#039;&#039; that are required to modify complex starches in the grain into simple fermentable sugars during a later step in the [[Processes|brewing process]] called &#039;&#039;[[mashing]]&#039;&#039;.  Dark malts are roasted to provide additional flavor and color.  Malts are characterized by their type, color, base grain and potential extract (or yield).  Malt color is typically measured on the [[Lovibond]] or [[SRM]] scale.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Malt==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beersmith.com/Grains/Grains/GrainList.htm BeerSmith Malt &amp;amp; Grains Reference Table]&lt;br /&gt;
* [Insert malt type here]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ingredients]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Malting Process]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Lovibond]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Estimating Color]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Processes|Brewing Processes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beersmith.com/Grains/Grains/GrainList.htm BeerSmith Malt &amp;amp; Grains Reference Table]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://byo.com/feature/284.html Make Your Own Malt] - BYO Magazine Article, Aug 1997&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ingredients]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Mash_Paddle&amp;diff=2953</id>
		<title>Mash Paddle</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Mash_Paddle&amp;diff=2953"/>
		<updated>2006-12-03T05:24:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
[[image:Mash_paddle.jpg|right|thumb|Mash Paddle]]&lt;br /&gt;
A &#039;&#039;&#039;mash paddle&#039;&#039;&#039; is a device essential to mixing in your strike water and breaking up dough balls (dry pockets of [[malt]]) during the [[mashing]] process. This a very basic piece of brewing equipment, and it is difficult to do all-grain brewing without one. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A mash paddle has three basic parts: the handle, the shaft and the base. The handle is used to hold the paddle while stirring. The shaft is used to extend the base into the hot mash. The base is the part that does the important work, namely stirring the mash.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mash paddles are made of three different materials: wood, plastic and metal. Most commercial version are made of either plastic or metal. Many do-it-yourself homebrewers choose to craft one out of wood, usually maple or oak. They usually have a hole in the handle to facilitate hanging it up after the brew session is over.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Equipment]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Mash_Paddle&amp;diff=2952</id>
		<title>Mash Paddle</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Mash_Paddle&amp;diff=2952"/>
		<updated>2006-12-03T05:23:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: minor spelling corrections&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
[[image:Mash_paddle.jpg|right|thumb|Mash Paddle]]&lt;br /&gt;
A &#039;&#039;&#039;mash paddle&#039;&#039;&#039; is a device essential to mixing in your strike water and breaking up dough balls (dry pockets of malt) during the [[mashing]] process. This a very basic piece of brewing equipment, and it is difficult to do all-grain brewing without one. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A mash paddle has three basic parts: the handle, the shaft and the base. The handle is used to hold the paddle while stirring. The shaft is used to extend the base into the hot mash. The base is the part that does the important work, namely stirring the mash.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mash paddles are made of three different materials: wood, plastic and metal. Most commercial version are made of either plastic or metal. Many do-it-yourself homebrewers choose to craft one out of wood, usually maple or oak. They usually have a hole in the handle to facilitate hanging it up after the brew session is over.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Equipment]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Mash_Paddle&amp;diff=2951</id>
		<title>Mash Paddle</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Mash_Paddle&amp;diff=2951"/>
		<updated>2006-12-03T05:22:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: minor spelling corrections&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
[[image:Mash_paddle.jpg|right|thumb|Mash Paddle]]&lt;br /&gt;
A &#039;&#039;&#039;mash paddle&#039;&#039;&#039; is a device essential to mixing in your strike water and breaking up dough balls (dry pockets of malt) during the [[mashing]] process. This a very basic piece of brewing equipment, and it is difficult to do all-grain brewing without one. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A mash paddle has three basic parts: the handle, the shaft and the base. The handle is used to hold the paddle while stirring. The shaft is used to extend the base into the hot mash. The base is the part that does the important work, namely stirring the mash.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mash paddles are made of three different materials: wood, plastic and metal. Many do-it-yourself homebrewers choose to craft one out of wood, usually maple or oak. They usually have a hole in the handle to facilitate hanging it up after the brew session is over.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Equipment]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Mash_Paddle&amp;diff=2950</id>
		<title>Mash Paddle</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Mash_Paddle&amp;diff=2950"/>
		<updated>2006-12-03T02:55:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
[[image:Mash_paddle.jpg|right|thumb|Mash Paddle]]&lt;br /&gt;
A &#039;&#039;&#039;mash paddle&#039;&#039;&#039; is a device essential to mixing in your strike water and breaking up dough balls (dry pockets of malt) during the [[mashing]] process. This a very basic piece of brewimg equipment, and it is difficult to do all-grain brewing without one. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A mash paddle has three basic parts: the handle, the shaft and the base. The handle is used to hold the paddle while stirring. The shaft is used to extend the base into the hot mash. The base is the part that does the important work, namely stirring the mash.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mash paddles are made of three different materials: wood, plastic and metal. Many do-it-yourself homebrewers choose to craft one out of wood, usually maple or oak.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Equipment]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=File:Mash_paddle.jpg&amp;diff=2949</id>
		<title>File:Mash paddle.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=File:Mash_paddle.jpg&amp;diff=2949"/>
		<updated>2006-12-03T02:53:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: Oak mash paddle, 26 inches long, great for 5 gallon batches. Cost to make was less than $4.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Oak mash paddle, 26 inches long, great for 5 gallon batches. Cost to make was less than $4.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Equipment&amp;diff=2948</id>
		<title>Equipment</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Equipment&amp;diff=2948"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T21:39:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: /* Brewing Equipment */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&lt;br /&gt;
{{Portal|name=Equipment}}&lt;br /&gt;
A variety of equipment is used in the brewing process.  This portal defines examples of some of the most commonly used home and commercial brewing equipment.  &#039;&#039;&#039;Note&#039;&#039;&#039; - to purchase brewing equipment or find an equipment supplier, please visit the [[Suppliers|supplier]] page.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Brewing Equipment==&lt;br /&gt;
Listed alphabetically.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Bottle Capper]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Counter Pressure Filler|Counter Pressure Bottle Filler]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hydrometer]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mash Paddle]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Mash Tun]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Refractometer]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Thermometer]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Suppliers]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[References]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Processes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
* See [[Suppliers]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Equipment]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Portals]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Mash_Paddle&amp;diff=2947</id>
		<title>Mash Paddle</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Mash_Paddle&amp;diff=2947"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T21:38:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;A &#039;&#039;&#039;mash paddle&#039;&#039;&#039; is a device essential to mixing in your strike water and breaking up dough balls (dry pockets of malt) during the [[mashing]] process. This a very basic piece of brewimg equipment, and it is difficult to do all-grain brewing without one. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A mash paddle has three basic parts: the handle, the shaft and the base. The handle is used to hold the paddle while stirring. The shaft is used to extend the base into the hot mash. The base is the part that does the important work, namely stirring the mash.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mash paddles are made of three different materials: wood, plastic and metal. Many do-it-yourself homebrewers choose to craft one out of wood, usually maple or oak.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Equipment]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Most_Wanted&amp;diff=2946</id>
		<title>Most Wanted</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Most_Wanted&amp;diff=2946"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T21:13:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: /* Most Wanted Articles */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The BrewWiki &#039;&#039;&#039;Most Wanted&#039;&#039;&#039; is a list of the articles that readers would like to have most.  Please add important titles you think we might be missing below, along with a short description of each.  This will serve as a &#039;&#039;to do list&#039;&#039; for authors to start developing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Most Wanted Articles==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Sparging]] - Article incomplete - needs types of sparging fleshed out&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Estimating Bitterness]] - A technical article on methods for calculating bitternes&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hops]] - We need more more varieties to be listed and described&lt;br /&gt;
* (Insert your article name in the format &#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;[[Article Name]]&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt;&#039;&#039;&#039; and a short description here)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General Site Needs==&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Logo&#039;&#039;&#039; - We really need a nice logo for BrewWiki - please contact [[User:BrewWiki|BrewWiki]] if you have an idea. Size is 136x136 pixels gif.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Pictures&#039;&#039;&#039; - Need pictures of all kinds - use the &#039;&#039;upload file&#039;&#039; command in the at left.  Please NO copyrighted material.  Its best if you can post your own photos.  Please cut them down to web size first (256x256 pix or less) to avoid clogging up the server.  See the [[Hydrometer]] page for an example of how to include a picture on a page.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Books]] - Book reviews are needed&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Equipment]] - Needs short or long articles and pictures of various types of brewing equipment.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Recipes]] - Always wanted - and so far one of the most popular pages on the site.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Community Portal]] - Editing, Portal structure and author guidelines&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Special:Wantedpages|Wanted Pages]] - A Wiki generated list of &#039;&#039;stub&#039;&#039; articles that have not been built yet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Help]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Organizations&amp;diff=2945</id>
		<title>Organizations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Organizations&amp;diff=2945"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T20:44:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: /* Local Brew Clubs */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Portal|name=Organizations}}&lt;br /&gt;
A large number of national, regional and local organizations and clubs exist to support homebrewing.  See the links below for some of the larger organizations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==US National Organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beertown.org/homebrewing/index.html American Homebrewers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Beer Judge Certification Program|Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP)]] - ([http://www.bjcp.org home page])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beertown.org/craftbrewing/about.html Brewers Association] - For microbreweries &amp;amp; [[Craft Beer]] breweries&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Non-US National Organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.homebrewers.ca/ Canadian Amateur Brewers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.craftbrewing.org.uk/ UK Craft Brewing Association] - UK Homebrewing&lt;br /&gt;
* HomeBrewers International Grid-Computing Team (brewing is discussed in the team forum) http://home.alltel.net/billvelek/team.html&lt;br /&gt;
* BrewingEquipment - Yahoo mailing list - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/BrewingEquipment&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Local Brew Clubs==&lt;br /&gt;
A listing of local brew clubs - Listed by state and city (or country if not US).  Editor note: This may need to be a separate article once it gets larger.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===CANADA===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Alberta===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ehg.ca Edmonton Homebrewers Guild] - Edmonton, AB&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://marquisdesuds.wort.ca Marquis de Suds] - Calgary, AB&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===British Columbia===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.meadworks.ca Meadworks] - Vancouver, BC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Manitoba===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.winnipegbrewbombers.ca Winnipeg Brew Bombers] - Winnipeg, MB&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Nova Scotia===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chebucto.ns.ca/Recreation/BrewNoser/ Brewnosers] - Halifax, NS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Saskatchewan===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.alesclub.com Ales &amp;amp; Lager Enthusiasts of Saskatchewan (ALES)] - Regina, SK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Quebec===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.montrealers.ca MontreAlers] - Montreal, QC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===US===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Alaska===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.greatnorthernbrewers.org Great Northern Brewers Club] - Anchorage, AK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===California===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.bayareamashers.org/ Bay Area Mashers] - Berkeley, CA&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.brewcommune.com BrewCommune] - Orange County, California&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.maltosefalcons.com The Maltose Falcons Homebrewing Society] - Los Angeles, CA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Colorado===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foamontherange.org/ Foam On The Range] - Aurora, CO&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.liquidpoets.com/ Liquid Poets Society] - Ft Collins, CO&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===District of Columbia===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://burp.burp.org Brewers United for Real Potables (BURP)] - Area around DC, MD, VA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Florida===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.tcbrewmasters.org/ Treasure Coast BrewMasters] - Stuart, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.palmbeachdraughtsmen.com/ Palm Beach Draughtsmen] - West Palm Beach, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.saaz.org/ Space Coast Associates for the Advancement of Zymurgy] - Brevard, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.cfhb.org/ Central Florida Home Brewers] - Orlando, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.dunedinbrewersguild.com/ Dunedin Brewers Guild] - Dunedin, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.hbd.org/mash/ Miami Area Society of Homebrewers] - Miami, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.tampabaybeers.org/ Tampa Bay BEERS] - Tampa, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.hogtownbrewers.org/ Hogtown Brewers] - Gainesville, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.nfbl.org/ North Florida Brewer&#039;s League] - Tallahassee, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.browardhomebrewers.org/ Fort Lauderdale Area Brewers] - Fort Lauderdale, FL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Illinois===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chibeer.org Chicago Beer Society] - Chicago, IL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kansas===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://lawrencebrewers.org/ Lawrence Brewers Guild] - Lawrence, KS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===New York===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hbd.org/nychg/ New York City Homebrewers Guild] - New York, NY&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===North Carolina===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.carolinabrewmasters.com/ The Carolina Brewmasters] - Charlotte, NC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Texas===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SAbeergroup/ San Antonio Area Zymurgists (SAAZ)] - San Antonio, TX&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foamrangers.com/ Foam Rangers] - Houston, TX&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://groups.msn.com/NorthTexasHomeBrewAssociationHomePage North Texas Homebrewers Assn] - Dallas, TX&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===United Kingdom===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.scottishcraftbrewers.org Scottish Craft Brewers] - Scotland, UK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Virginia===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.worthogs.com/ Wort Hogs] - Reston, VA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Wisconsin===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.rackers.org/ Green Bay Rackers] - Green Bay, WI&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mhtg.org/ Madison Homebrewers and Tasters Guild] - Madison, WI&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beerbarons.org/ Beer Barons of Milwaukee] - Milwaukee, WI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[References|Brewing References]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.beertown.org/homebrewing/listings.asp AHA Homebrew Club Listings]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Organizations]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Organizations&amp;diff=2944</id>
		<title>Organizations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Organizations&amp;diff=2944"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T19:27:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: /* Local Brew Clubs */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Portal|name=Organizations}}&lt;br /&gt;
A large number of national, regional and local organizations and clubs exist to support homebrewing.  See the links below for some of the larger organizations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==US National Organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beertown.org/homebrewing/index.html American Homebrewers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Beer Judge Certification Program|Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP)]] - ([http://www.bjcp.org home page])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beertown.org/craftbrewing/about.html Brewers Association] - For microbreweries &amp;amp; [[Craft Beer]] breweries&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Non-US National Organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.homebrewers.ca/ Canadian Amateur Brewers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.craftbrewing.org.uk/ UK Craft Brewing Association] - UK Homebrewing&lt;br /&gt;
* HomeBrewers International Grid-Computing Team (brewing is discussed in the team forum) http://home.alltel.net/billvelek/team.html&lt;br /&gt;
* BrewingEquipment - Yahoo mailing list - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/BrewingEquipment&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Local Brew Clubs==&lt;br /&gt;
A listing of local brew clubs - Listed by state and city (or country if not US).  Editor note: This may need to be a separate article once it gets larger.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===CANADA===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Alberta===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ehg.ca Edmonton Homebrewers Guild] - Edmonton, AB&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Manitoba===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.winnipegbrewbombers.ca Winnipeg Brew Bombers] - Winnipeg, MB&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Saskatchewan===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.alesclub.com Ales &amp;amp; Lager Enthusiasts of Saskatchewan (ALES)] - Regina, SK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Quebec===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.montrealers.ca MontreAlers] - Montreal, QC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===US===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Alaska===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.greatnorthernbrewers.org Great Northern Brewers Club] - Anchorage, AK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===California===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.bayareamashers.org/ Bay Area Mashers] - Berkeley, CA&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.brewcommune.com BrewCommune] - Orange County, California&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.maltosefalcons.com The Maltose Falcons Homebrewing Society] - Los Angeles, CA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Colorado===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foamontherange.org/ Foam On The Range] - Aurora, CO&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.liquidpoets.com/ Liquid Poets Society] - Ft Collins, CO&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===District of Columbia===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://burp.burp.org Brewers United for Real Potables (BURP)] - Area around DC, MD, VA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Florida===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.tcbrewmasters.org/ Treasure Coast BrewMasters] - Stuart, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.palmbeachdraughtsmen.com/ Palm Beach Draughtsmen] - West Palm Beach, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.saaz.org/ Space Coast Associates for the Advancement of Zymurgy] - Brevard, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.cfhb.org/ Central Florida Home Brewers] - Orlando, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.dunedinbrewersguild.com/ Dunedin Brewers Guild] - Dunedin, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.hbd.org/mash/ Miami Area Society of Homebrewers] - Miami, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.tampabaybeers.org/ Tampa Bay BEERS] - Tampa, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.hogtownbrewers.org/ Hogtown Brewers] - Gainesville, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.nfbl.org/ North Florida Brewer&#039;s League] - Tallahassee, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.browardhomebrewers.org/ Fort Lauderdale Area Brewers] - Fort Lauderdale, FL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Illinois===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chibeer.org Chicago Beer Society] - Chicago, IL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kansas===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://lawrencebrewers.org/ Lawrence Brewers Guild] - Lawrence, KS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===New York===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hbd.org/nychg/ New York City Homebrewers Guild] - New York, NY&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===North Carolina===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.carolinabrewmasters.com/ The Carolina Brewmasters] - Charlotte, NC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Texas===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SAbeergroup/ San Antonio Area Zymurgists (SAAZ)] - San Antonio, TX&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foamrangers.com/ Foam Rangers] - Houston, TX&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://groups.msn.com/NorthTexasHomeBrewAssociationHomePage North Texas Homebrewers Assn] - Dallas, TX&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===United Kingdom===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.scottishcraftbrewers.org Scottish Craft Brewers] - Scotland, UK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Virginia===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.worthogs.com/ Wort Hogs] - Reston, VA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Wisconsin===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.rackers.org/ Green Bay Rackers] - Green Bay, WI&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mhtg.org/ Madison Homebrewers and Tasters Guild] - Madison, WI&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beerbarons.org/ Beer Barons of Milwaukee] - Milwaukee, WI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[References|Brewing References]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.beertown.org/homebrewing/listings.asp AHA Homebrew Club Listings]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Organizations]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Organizations&amp;diff=2943</id>
		<title>Organizations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Organizations&amp;diff=2943"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T19:25:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: /* Local Brew Clubs */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Portal|name=Organizations}}&lt;br /&gt;
A large number of national, regional and local organizations and clubs exist to support homebrewing.  See the links below for some of the larger organizations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==US National Organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beertown.org/homebrewing/index.html American Homebrewers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Beer Judge Certification Program|Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP)]] - ([http://www.bjcp.org home page])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beertown.org/craftbrewing/about.html Brewers Association] - For microbreweries &amp;amp; [[Craft Beer]] breweries&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Non-US National Organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.homebrewers.ca/ Canadian Amateur Brewers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.craftbrewing.org.uk/ UK Craft Brewing Association] - UK Homebrewing&lt;br /&gt;
* HomeBrewers International Grid-Computing Team (brewing is discussed in the team forum) http://home.alltel.net/billvelek/team.html&lt;br /&gt;
* BrewingEquipment - Yahoo mailing list - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/BrewingEquipment&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Local Brew Clubs==&lt;br /&gt;
A listing of local brew clubs - Listed by state and city (or country if not US).  Editor note: This may need to be a separate article once it gets larger.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===CANADA - Alberta===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.ehg.ca Edmonton Homebrewers Guild] - Edmonton, AB&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Manitoba===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.winnipegbrewbombers.ca Winnipeg Brew Bombers] - Winnipeg, MB&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Saskatchewan===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.alesclub.com Ales &amp;amp; Lager Enthusiasts of Saskatchewan (ALES)] - Regina, SK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===US - Alaska===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.greatnorthernbrewers.org Great Northern Brewers Club] - Anchorage, AK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===California===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.bayareamashers.org/ Bay Area Mashers] - Berkeley, CA&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.brewcommune.com BrewCommune] - Orange County, California&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.maltosefalcons.com The Maltose Falcons Homebrewing Society] - Los Angeles, CA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Colorado===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foamontherange.org/ Foam On The Range] - Aurora, CO&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.liquidpoets.com/ Liquid Poets Society] - Ft Collins, CO&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===District of Columbia===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://burp.burp.org Brewers United for Real Potables (BURP)] - Area around DC, MD, VA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Florida===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.tcbrewmasters.org/ Treasure Coast BrewMasters] - Stuart, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.palmbeachdraughtsmen.com/ Palm Beach Draughtsmen] - West Palm Beach, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.saaz.org/ Space Coast Associates for the Advancement of Zymurgy] - Brevard, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.cfhb.org/ Central Florida Home Brewers] - Orlando, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.dunedinbrewersguild.com/ Dunedin Brewers Guild] - Dunedin, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.hbd.org/mash/ Miami Area Society of Homebrewers] - Miami, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.tampabaybeers.org/ Tampa Bay BEERS] - Tampa, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.hogtownbrewers.org/ Hogtown Brewers] - Gainesville, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.nfbl.org/ North Florida Brewer&#039;s League] - Tallahassee, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.browardhomebrewers.org/ Fort Lauderdale Area Brewers] - Fort Lauderdale, FL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Illinois===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chibeer.org Chicago Beer Society] - Chicago, IL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kansas===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://lawrencebrewers.org/ Lawrence Brewers Guild] - Lawrence, KS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===New York===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hbd.org/nychg/ New York City Homebrewers Guild] - New York, NY&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===North Carolina===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.carolinabrewmasters.com/ The Carolina Brewmasters] - Charlotte, NC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Texas===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SAbeergroup/ San Antonio Area Zymurgists (SAAZ)] - San Antonio, TX&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foamrangers.com/ Foam Rangers] - Houston, TX&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://groups.msn.com/NorthTexasHomeBrewAssociationHomePage North Texas Homebrewers Assn] - Dallas, TX&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===United Kingdom===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.scottishcraftbrewers.org Scottish Craft Brewers] - Scotland, UK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Virginia===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.worthogs.com/ Wort Hogs] - Reston, VA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Wisconsin===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.rackers.org/ Green Bay Rackers] - Green Bay, WI&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mhtg.org/ Madison Homebrewers and Tasters Guild] - Madison, WI&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beerbarons.org/ Beer Barons of Milwaukee] - Milwaukee, WI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[References|Brewing References]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.beertown.org/homebrewing/listings.asp AHA Homebrew Club Listings]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Organizations]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Hops&amp;diff=2942</id>
		<title>Hops</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Hops&amp;diff=2942"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T17:12:04Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: /* Hop Varieties */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&#039;&#039;&#039;Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; provide bitterness to balance the sweetness of [[Malt]] when making beer, adds flavoring oils and aromas, and also helps to stabilize and preserve beer.  Hops used in brewing comes from the flowers of a plant called &#039;&#039;Humulus lupulus&#039;&#039;.  The hop plant is a perrenial spiraling vine that requires most soil.  The flowers of the hops, called &#039;&#039;cones&#039;&#039; are dried before use.  These flowers are usually green in color with yellow &#039;&#039;lupulin&#039;&#039; glands between the petals that provide many of the oils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Types of Hops===&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Loose or Leaf Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops in its most natural form.  Leaf hops float, provide a nice filter bed when siphoning, and are excellent  when fresh.  Unfortunately these hops are also most susceptible to exposure to air and oxidization, which means their quality will decline more rapidly unless vacuum sealed in a oxygen barrier bag.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plug Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Dried and compressed hop cones.  When hydrated these are essentially the same as whole hops, but will store better. &lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Pellet Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Perhaps the most widely available to the home brewer, these hops are dried, chopped and compressed into tiny pellets.  They store well, and are easy to measure in small quantities.  The chopping and compressing can release some of the lupulin glands to burst losing some aromatic oils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Measuring Bitterness===&lt;br /&gt;
Hop bitterness is measured in [[International Bitterness Units]] or &#039;&#039;IBU&#039;s&#039;&#039;.  One IBU is one part per million of &#039;&#039;isohumulone&#039;&#039; which is a bittering (alpha) acid.  IBU&#039;s can be estimated when brewing a beer by several different formulas, the most popular of which are the &#039;&#039;Tinseth&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Rager&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Garetz&#039;&#039; formulas.  IBU&#039;s for light beers are generally in the 10-20 range, while dark flavorful beers such as stouts may have an IBU as high as 50.  Some barley wines have IBU values of 100 or more to offset the extreme malty sweetness of the beer.  See the [[Beer Styles]] BJCP guide for some typical IBU ranges for different styles of beer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Bittering Oils===&lt;br /&gt;
Bittiness in beer is provided by oils released by the hops.  The bittering oils of the hops are isomerized (rearranged) during the boil.  Insoluable alpha acids (&amp;amp;alpha;-acids) are isomerized by the boil into more soluble and stable alpha acids.  As the boil time increases, the bitterness released also increases.  These alpha acids provide the majority of the bitterness in finished beer.  A second component called beta acid also provides some bitterness.  Additional compounds in hops provide both aroma and preservative qualities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hops Storage===&lt;br /&gt;
The alpha and beta acids in hops are both vulnerable to oxidation which will decrease their effectiveness.  Hops will degrade faster at temperatures above freezing.  Hops should be refrigerated in your freezer, and sealed in an airtight container (ideally vacuum packed foil oxygen barrier container) to prevent oxidation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hops Usage===&lt;br /&gt;
Hops can be used at many stages in the brewing process:&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Boil Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops used during the main boil to add bitterness and flavor to the beer.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Aroma Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops added at the end of the boil to release aroma.  Many aromatic oils in hops will boil off after a period of time, so hops added at the end of the boil maintain many aromatic qualities.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dry Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops added in the secondary fermentation, usually a day or two before bottling, primarily for aroma.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Mash Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops added to the mash tun, effectively get steeped and can add some flavor though they usually contribute little to the bitterness of the beer.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;First Wort Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops added to the boiler as the wort is first being sparged.  These hops effectively get steeped and then boiled with the main boil.  First wort hopping results in a better blending of hops flavor with the wort though it generally reduces hop utilization slightly when compared to traditional boiled hops.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Hop Varieties==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ahatnum Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Brewers Gold Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Cascade Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Saaz Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Simcoe Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Styrian Goldings Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Summit Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Warrior Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ingredients]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[International Bitterness Units]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Technical|Technical Reference]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Beer Styles]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beersmith.com/hops_table.htm BeerSmith Hops Reference Table]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.realbeer.com/hops/FAQ.html Norm Pyle&#039;s Hops FAQ]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://realbeer.com/hops/ Glenn Tinseth&#039;s Hop Page]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ingredients]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Styrian_Goldings_Hops&amp;diff=2941</id>
		<title>Styrian Goldings Hops</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Styrian_Goldings_Hops&amp;diff=2941"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T17:11:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Despite the name, Styrian Goldings hops are closely related to Fuggles, not East Kent Goldings. Styrian Goldings give beer a dinstinctive yet mildly bitter flavour, a bit richer than the Kent Goldings variety.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Specifications===&lt;br /&gt;
* Typical Use : Bittering, Aroma&lt;br /&gt;
* Alpha Acid : 3.5 to 7% AAU&lt;br /&gt;
* Origination : Slovenia&lt;br /&gt;
* Commercial Examples : Ind Coope&#039;s Burton Ale, Timothy Taylor&#039;s Landlord&lt;br /&gt;
* Characteristics : Similar to Fuggles&lt;br /&gt;
* Styles : Widely used in Belgian ales and some British ales&lt;br /&gt;
* Similar Hops : Fuggles, Willamette&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ingredients]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Organizations&amp;diff=2940</id>
		<title>Organizations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Organizations&amp;diff=2940"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T14:32:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: /* Alaska */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Portal|name=Organizations}}&lt;br /&gt;
A large number of national, regional and local organizations and clubs exist to support homebrewing.  See the links below for some of the larger organizations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==US National Organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beertown.org/homebrewing/index.html American Homebrewers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Beer Judge Certification Program|Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP)]] - ([http://www.bjcp.org home page])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beertown.org/craftbrewing/about.html Brewers Association] - For microbreweries &amp;amp; [[Craft Beer]] breweries&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Non-US National Organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.homebrewers.ca/ Canadian Amateur Brewers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.craftbrewing.org.uk/ UK Craft Brewing Association] - UK Homebrewing&lt;br /&gt;
* HomeBrewers International Grid-Computing Team (brewing is discussed in the team forum) http://home.alltel.net/billvelek/team.html&lt;br /&gt;
* BrewingEquipment - Yahoo mailing list - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/BrewingEquipment&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Local Brew Clubs==&lt;br /&gt;
A listing of local brew clubs - Listed by state and city (or country if not US).  Editor note: This may need to be a separate article once it gets larger.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===CANADA - Manitoba===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.winnipegbrewbombers.ca Winnipeg Brew Bombers] - Winnipeg, MB&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===US - Alaska===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.greatnorthernbrewers.org Great Northern Brewers Club] - Anchorage, AK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===California===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.bayareamashers.org/ Bay Area Mashers] - Berkeley, CA&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.brewcommune.com BrewCommune] - Orange County, California&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.maltosefalcons.com The Maltose Falcons Homebrewing Society] - Los Angeles, CA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Colorado===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foamontherange.org/ Foam On The Range] - Aurora, CO&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.liquidpoets.com/ Liquid Poets Society] - Ft Collins, CO&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===District of Columbia===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://burp.burp.org Brewers United for Real Potables (BURP)] - Area around DC, MD, VA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Florida===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.tcbrewmasters.org/ Treasure Coast BrewMasters] - Stuart, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.palmbeachdraughtsmen.com/ Palm Beach Draughtsmen] - West Palm Beach, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.saaz.org/ Space Coast Associates for the Advancement of Zymurgy] - Brevard, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.cfhb.org/ Central Florida Home Brewers] - Orlando, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.dunedinbrewersguild.com/ Dunedin Brewers Guild] - Dunedin, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.hbd.org/mash/ Miami Area Society of Homebrewers] - Miami, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.tampabaybeers.org/ Tampa Bay BEERS] - Tampa, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.hogtownbrewers.org/ Hogtown Brewers] - Gainesville, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.nfbl.org/ North Florida Brewer&#039;s League] - Tallahassee, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.browardhomebrewers.org/ Fort Lauderdale Area Brewers] - Fort Lauderdale, FL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Illinois===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chibeer.org Chicago Beer Society] - Chicago, IL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kansas===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://lawrencebrewers.org/ Lawrence Brewers Guild] - Lawrence, KS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===New York===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hbd.org/nychg/ New York City Homebrewers Guild] - New York, NY&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===North Carolina===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.carolinabrewmasters.com/ The Carolina Brewmasters] - Charlotte, NC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Texas===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SAbeergroup/ San Antonio Area Zymurgists (SAAZ)] - San Antonio, TX&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foamrangers.com/ Foam Rangers] - Houston, TX&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://groups.msn.com/NorthTexasHomeBrewAssociationHomePage North Texas Homebrewers Assn] - Dallas, TX&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===United Kingdom===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.scottishcraftbrewers.org Scottish Craft Brewers] - Scotland, UK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Virginia===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.worthogs.com/ Wort Hogs] - Reston, VA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Wisconsin===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.rackers.org/ Green Bay Rackers] - Green Bay, WI&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mhtg.org/ Madison Homebrewers and Tasters Guild] - Madison, WI&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beerbarons.org/ Beer Barons of Milwaukee] - Milwaukee, WI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[References|Brewing References]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.beertown.org/homebrewing/listings.asp AHA Homebrew Club Listings]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Organizations]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Hops&amp;diff=2939</id>
		<title>Hops</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Hops&amp;diff=2939"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T14:28:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: /* Hop Varieties */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&#039;&#039;&#039;Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; provide bitterness to balance the sweetness of [[Malt]] when making beer, adds flavoring oils and aromas, and also helps to stabilize and preserve beer.  Hops used in brewing comes from the flowers of a plant called &#039;&#039;Humulus lupulus&#039;&#039;.  The hop plant is a perrenial spiraling vine that requires most soil.  The flowers of the hops, called &#039;&#039;cones&#039;&#039; are dried before use.  These flowers are usually green in color with yellow &#039;&#039;lupulin&#039;&#039; glands between the petals that provide many of the oils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Types of Hops===&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Loose or Leaf Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops in its most natural form.  Leaf hops float, provide a nice filter bed when siphoning, and are excellent  when fresh.  Unfortunately these hops are also most susceptible to exposure to air and oxidization, which means their quality will decline more rapidly unless vacuum sealed in a oxygen barrier bag.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plug Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Dried and compressed hop cones.  When hydrated these are essentially the same as whole hops, but will store better. &lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Pellet Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Perhaps the most widely available to the home brewer, these hops are dried, chopped and compressed into tiny pellets.  They store well, and are easy to measure in small quantities.  The chopping and compressing can release some of the lupulin glands to burst losing some aromatic oils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Measuring Bitterness===&lt;br /&gt;
Hop bitterness is measured in [[International Bitterness Units]] or &#039;&#039;IBU&#039;s&#039;&#039;.  One IBU is one part per million of &#039;&#039;isohumulone&#039;&#039; which is a bittering (alpha) acid.  IBU&#039;s can be estimated when brewing a beer by several different formulas, the most popular of which are the &#039;&#039;Tinseth&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Rager&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Garetz&#039;&#039; formulas.  IBU&#039;s for light beers are generally in the 10-20 range, while dark flavorful beers such as stouts may have an IBU as high as 50.  Some barley wines have IBU values of 100 or more to offset the extreme malty sweetness of the beer.  See the [[Beer Styles]] BJCP guide for some typical IBU ranges for different styles of beer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Bittering Oils===&lt;br /&gt;
Bittiness in beer is provided by oils released by the hops.  The bittering oils of the hops are isomerized (rearranged) during the boil.  Insoluable alpha acids (&amp;amp;alpha;-acids) are isomerized by the boil into more soluble and stable alpha acids.  As the boil time increases, the bitterness released also increases.  These alpha acids provide the majority of the bitterness in finished beer.  A second component called beta acid also provides some bitterness.  Additional compounds in hops provide both aroma and preservative qualities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hops Storage===&lt;br /&gt;
The alpha and beta acids in hops are both vulnerable to oxidation which will decrease their effectiveness.  Hops will degrade faster at temperatures above freezing.  Hops should be refrigerated in your freezer, and sealed in an airtight container (ideally vacuum packed foil oxygen barrier container) to prevent oxidation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hops Usage===&lt;br /&gt;
Hops can be used at many stages in the brewing process:&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Boil Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops used during the main boil to add bitterness and flavor to the beer.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Aroma Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops added at the end of the boil to release aroma.  Many aromatic oils in hops will boil off after a period of time, so hops added at the end of the boil maintain many aromatic qualities.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dry Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops added in the secondary fermentation, usually a day or two before bottling, primarily for aroma.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Mash Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops added to the mash tun, effectively get steeped and can add some flavor though they usually contribute little to the bitterness of the beer.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;First Wort Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops added to the boiler as the wort is first being sparged.  These hops effectively get steeped and then boiled with the main boil.  First wort hopping results in a better blending of hops flavor with the wort though it generally reduces hop utilization slightly when compared to traditional boiled hops.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Hop Varieties==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ahatnum Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Brewers Gold Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Cascade Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Saaz Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Simcoe Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Summit Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Warrior Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ingredients]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[International Bitterness Units]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Technical|Technical Reference]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Beer Styles]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beersmith.com/hops_table.htm BeerSmith Hops Reference Table]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.realbeer.com/hops/FAQ.html Norm Pyle&#039;s Hops FAQ]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://realbeer.com/hops/ Glenn Tinseth&#039;s Hop Page]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ingredients]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Discussion_Forums&amp;diff=2938</id>
		<title>Discussion Forums</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Discussion_Forums&amp;diff=2938"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T06:46:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: added in a few more good forums&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Online Discussion Forums==&lt;br /&gt;
Discussion forums provide a great place on the web to discuss homebrewing.  Many of the largest discussion forums have posts on thousands of topics, and most include a search feature for a quick answer to your most puzzling brewing questions.  In addition a post to a large brewing forum will usually generate an answer in just a few hours.  Click on any of the external links below to view some of the largest brewing discussion forums.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Brewing Discussion Forums==&lt;br /&gt;
Listed alphabetically.&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beersmith.com/forum BeerSmith Discussion Forum] - hosts a discussion board for BrewWiki topics&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.bodensatz.com Bodensatz Brewing - The Beer Site]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.thebrewhut.com/TBHforum.net/ Brew Hut Discussion Forum]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://morebeer.com/phpBB2/ Morebeer&#039;s Brew Chat]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://forum.northernbrewer.com/ Northern Brewer Homebrew Forum]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.tastybrew.com/forum/ TastyBrew Forum]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.thebrewingnetwork.com/phpBB2/ The Brewing Network Forum]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[References]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Web Sites]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http:/www.beersmith.com/forum BrewWiki Discussion Board]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:References]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Hops&amp;diff=2937</id>
		<title>Hops</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Hops&amp;diff=2937"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T05:42:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: removed capital L from &amp;quot;Humulus lupulus&amp;quot; - only genus has caps, not species&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;__NOTOC__&#039;&#039;&#039;Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; provide bitterness to balance the sweetness of [[Malt]] when making beer, adds flavoring oils and aromas, and also helps to stabilize and preserve beer.  Hops used in brewing comes from the flowers of a plant called &#039;&#039;Humulus lupulus&#039;&#039;.  The hop plant is a perrenial spiraling vine that requires most soil.  The flowers of the hops, called &#039;&#039;cones&#039;&#039; are dried before use.  These flowers are usually green in color with yellow &#039;&#039;lupulin&#039;&#039; glands between the petals that provide many of the oils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Types of Hops===&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Loose or Leaf Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops in its most natural form.  Leaf hops float, provide a nice filter bed when siphoning, and are excellent  when fresh.  Unfortunately these hops are also most susceptible to exposure to air and oxidization, which means their quality will decline more rapidly unless vacuum sealed in a oxygen barrier bag.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Plug Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Dried and compressed hop cones.  When hydrated these are essentially the same as whole hops, but will store better. &lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Pellet Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Perhaps the most widely available to the home brewer, these hops are dried, chopped and compressed into tiny pellets.  They store well, and are easy to measure in small quantities.  The chopping and compressing can release some of the lupulin glands to burst losing some aromatic oils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Measuring Bitterness===&lt;br /&gt;
Hop bitterness is measured in [[International Bitterness Units]] or &#039;&#039;IBU&#039;s&#039;&#039;.  One IBU is one part per million of &#039;&#039;isohumulone&#039;&#039; which is a bittering (alpha) acid.  IBU&#039;s can be estimated when brewing a beer by several different formulas, the most popular of which are the &#039;&#039;Tinseth&#039;&#039;, &#039;&#039;Rager&#039;&#039; and &#039;&#039;Garetz&#039;&#039; formulas.  IBU&#039;s for light beers are generally in the 10-20 range, while dark flavorful beers such as stouts may have an IBU as high as 50.  Some barley wines have IBU values of 100 or more to offset the extreme malty sweetness of the beer.  See the [[Beer Styles]] BJCP guide for some typical IBU ranges for different styles of beer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Bittering Oils===&lt;br /&gt;
Bittiness in beer is provided by oils released by the hops.  The bittering oils of the hops are isomerized (rearranged) during the boil.  Insoluable alpha acids (&amp;amp;alpha;-acids) are isomerized by the boil into more soluble and stable alpha acids.  As the boil time increases, the bitterness released also increases.  These alpha acids provide the majority of the bitterness in finished beer.  A second component called beta acid also provides some bitterness.  Additional compounds in hops provide both aroma and preservative qualities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hops Storage===&lt;br /&gt;
The alpha and beta acids in hops are both vulnerable to oxidation which will decrease their effectiveness.  Hops will degrade faster at temperatures above freezing.  Hops should be refrigerated in your freezer, and sealed in an airtight container (ideally vacuum packed foil oxygen barrier container) to prevent oxidation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Hops Usage===&lt;br /&gt;
Hops can be used at many stages in the brewing process:&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Boil Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops used during the main boil to add bitterness and flavor to the beer.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Aroma Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops added at the end of the boil to release aroma.  Many aromatic oils in hops will boil off after a period of time, so hops added at the end of the boil maintain many aromatic qualities.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Dry Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops added in the secondary fermentation, usually a day or two before bottling, primarily for aroma.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Mash Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops added to the mash tun, effectively get steeped and can add some flavor though they usually contribute little to the bitterness of the beer.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;First Wort Hops&#039;&#039;&#039; - Hops added to the boiler as the wort is first being sparged.  These hops effectively get steeped and then boiled with the main boil.  First wort hopping results in a better blending of hops flavor with the wort though it generally reduces hop utilization slightly when compared to traditional boiled hops.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Hop Varieties==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Brewers Gold Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Cascade Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Saaz Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Simcoe Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Summit Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Warrior Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ahatnum Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ingredients]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[International Bitterness Units]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Technical|Technical Reference]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Beer Styles]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beersmith.com/hops_table.htm BeerSmith Hops Reference Table]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.realbeer.com/hops/FAQ.html Norm Pyle&#039;s Hops FAQ]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://realbeer.com/hops/ Glenn Tinseth&#039;s Hop Page]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ingredients]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Glossary]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Organizations&amp;diff=2936</id>
		<title>Organizations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Organizations&amp;diff=2936"/>
		<updated>2006-12-02T05:18:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: /* Local Brew Clubs */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Portal|name=Organizations}}&lt;br /&gt;
A large number of national, regional and local organizations and clubs exist to support homebrewing.  See the links below for some of the larger organizations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==US National Organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beertown.org/homebrewing/index.html American Homebrewers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Beer Judge Certification Program|Beer Judge Certification Program (BJCP)]] - ([http://www.bjcp.org home page])&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beertown.org/craftbrewing/about.html Brewers Association] - For microbreweries &amp;amp; [[Craft Beer]] breweries&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Non-US National Organizations==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.homebrewers.ca/ Canadian Amateur Brewers Association]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.craftbrewing.org.uk/ UK Craft Brewing Association] - UK Homebrewing&lt;br /&gt;
* HomeBrewers International Grid-Computing Team (brewing is discussed in the team forum) http://home.alltel.net/billvelek/team.html&lt;br /&gt;
* BrewingEquipment - Yahoo mailing list - http://groups.yahoo.com/group/BrewingEquipment&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Local Brew Clubs==&lt;br /&gt;
A listing of local brew clubs - Listed by state and city (or country if not US).  Editor note: This may need to be a separate article once it gets larger.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===CANADA - Manitoba===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.winnipegbrewbombers.ca Winnipeg Brew Bombers] - Winnipeg, MB&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Alaska===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.greatnorthernbrewers.org Great Northern Brewers Club] - Anchorage, AK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===California===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.bayareamashers.org/ Bay Area Mashers] - Berkeley, CA&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.brewcommune.com BrewCommune] - Orange County, California&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.maltosefalcons.com The Maltose Falcons Homebrewing Society] - Los Angeles, CA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Colorado===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foamontherange.org/ Foam On The Range] - Aurora, CO&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.liquidpoets.com/ Liquid Poets Society] - Ft Collins, CO&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===District of Columbia===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://burp.burp.org Brewers United for Real Potables (BURP)] - Area around DC, MD, VA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Florida===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.tcbrewmasters.org/ Treasure Coast BrewMasters] - Stuart, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.palmbeachdraughtsmen.com/ Palm Beach Draughtsmen] - West Palm Beach, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.saaz.org/ Space Coast Associates for the Advancement of Zymurgy] - Brevard, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.cfhb.org/ Central Florida Home Brewers] - Orlando, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.dunedinbrewersguild.com/ Dunedin Brewers Guild] - Dunedin, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.hbd.org/mash/ Miami Area Society of Homebrewers] - Miami, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.tampabaybeers.org/ Tampa Bay BEERS] - Tampa, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.hogtownbrewers.org/ Hogtown Brewers] - Gainesville, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.nfbl.org/ North Florida Brewer&#039;s League] - Tallahassee, FL&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.browardhomebrewers.org/ Fort Lauderdale Area Brewers] - Fort Lauderdale, FL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Illinois===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.chibeer.org Chicago Beer Society] - Chicago, IL&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Kansas===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://lawrencebrewers.org/ Lawrence Brewers Guild] - Lawrence, KS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===New York===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://hbd.org/nychg/ New York City Homebrewers Guild] - New York, NY&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===North Carolina===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.carolinabrewmasters.com/ The Carolina Brewmasters] - Charlotte, NC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Texas===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/SAbeergroup/ San Antonio Area Zymurgists (SAAZ)] - San Antonio, TX&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.foamrangers.com/ Foam Rangers] - Houston, TX&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://groups.msn.com/NorthTexasHomeBrewAssociationHomePage North Texas Homebrewers Assn] - Dallas, TX&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===United Kingdom===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.scottishcraftbrewers.org Scottish Craft Brewers] - Scotland, UK&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Virginia===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.worthogs.com/ Wort Hogs] - Reston, VA&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Wisconsin===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.rackers.org/ Green Bay Rackers] - Green Bay, WI&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mhtg.org/ Madison Homebrewers and Tasters Guild] - Madison, WI&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.beerbarons.org/ Beer Barons of Milwaukee] - Milwaukee, WI&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[References|Brewing References]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External Links==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.beertown.org/homebrewing/listings.asp AHA Homebrew Club Listings]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Organizations]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Simcoe_Hops&amp;diff=2935</id>
		<title>Simcoe Hops</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://brewwiki.com/index.php?title=Simcoe_Hops&amp;diff=2935"/>
		<updated>2006-11-28T04:26:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Mike: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Simcoe is best characterized as having a pronounced pine or woodsy aroma. It is a bittering hop ranging from 12 to 14% AAU that also imparts its characteristic aroma. The cultivar was bred by Yakima Chief in the USA. It is sometimes described as being &amp;quot;like cascade, but more bitter - and with pine.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Specifications===&lt;br /&gt;
* Typical Use : Bittering with Aroma&lt;br /&gt;
* Alpha Acid : 12 to 14% AAU&lt;br /&gt;
* Origination : USA&lt;br /&gt;
* Commercial Examples : Dogfish Head 60 Minute IPA&lt;br /&gt;
* Characteristics : Clean, Bitter, sometimes described as Citrus&lt;br /&gt;
* Styles : American Pale Ale, American IPA&lt;br /&gt;
* Similar Hops : none - it is &amp;quot;like cascade&amp;quot; but not enough to make cascade a suitable substitute.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==See Also==&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Hops]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ingredients]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Mike</name></author>
	</entry>
</feed>